NavA11y: A Dynamic Analysis Approach for WCAG 2.4 Focus-Behavior Evaluation
Abu Jafar Saifullah, Tasmia Zerin, Zerina Begum, Kazi Sakib
In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering (ENASE 2026), Vol. 2, pp. 1019–1030. SCITEPRESS. Benidorm, Spain
METHOD
Drives a real browser through each page's keyboard tab order and, at every focus stop, checks that focus lands where expected, is visibly indicated, and is not hidden behind other content.
RESULTS
- 100% precision and recall on a 22-page labeled dataset (32 SC-level assertions)
- 2,947 violations detected across 26 production websites; 90% precision validated by two independent expert raters
- First tool to cover all five WCAG 2.4 focus-behavior success criteria
